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线形图开启“困难模式”后，你还会写嘛？2019年5月18日雅思小作文真题:The graph shows percentages of urban population in four different countries between 1970 and 2030.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
雅思小作文线形图
我们以2019年5月18日的真题为例，讲解线图的困难模式（一种）：时间线从过去延伸至将来。
非常可能用到的一个时态：现在完成时（覆盖过去到现在）。
高分范文及解析
Introduction
The lines are the illustrations of the percentages of urban population in four countries, which are the US, South Korea, India, and China, since 1970, and the projections for the future until 2030. ← 不要照抄题目里的时间表述，而是带入时态概念重新表述。
Body
America' urban population has since 1970 been ← 现在完成时覆盖自1970年至今 at a high level (70 percent to 80 percent) in terms of its proportion to the nation’s total population, and the proportion has been ← 现在完成时覆盖自1970年至今 larger than the ones in the other countries. The slow growth is projected to continue until 2030. In South Korea, growing fast, the proportion caught up with America’s level in 2010 and has since been ← 现在完成时覆盖自1970年至今 almost the same as it. The high similarity is predicted to remain until 2030.
India and China have had ← 现在完成时覆盖自1970年至今 lower percentages of urban population than the United States and South Korea. 用时间作为主语： The years since 1970 have seen unstable percentages of urban population in India, 后接从句，表述细节情况：which fluctuated between 20 percent and 30 percent. In China, the growth has been at varying rates and reached 40 percent, and during the increase, the percentage of China’s urban population exceeded that of India’s. According to the forecast, China’s rate will stay at 40 percent, the point India’s rate is to reach ← 用同位语的方式说明China和India的关系.
整体说来，主体部分是“规矩”的写法：四条线逐个描述。
Conclusion
Overall, the history has witnessed vastly different rates of urban population between the four countries, and the future will see a high level of similarity between the US and South Korea and between India and China.
Listening 听力
Section1
参考答案
1. Date of birth: August 24, 1979
2. Address: Fox Lane
3.What’s the reason for the woman choose yearly payment:
A to save money
B to get free gift
C to get fitter
4.Schedule for June:
A holiday
B business trips
C getting married
5. Fitness class = C She is not interested in it at all
6. Weight class = B She is interested in it now
7. Class in the pool=C She is not interested in it at all
8. Swimming = A She will be interested in it in the future
9. Sauna = B She is interested in it now
10. Child-minding = A She will be interested in it in the future
Section 2
参考答案：
AAACB EHCDF
Section3
参考答案：
21-23
What following contents did they decide to include in assignment?
B some short questions of xxxxx
C some slides presentation of PPT
D a short outline
E short group discussion
F some questions
24. focus on environmental issues
25. The production of petrol will decline
26. No supply problem for power
27. Alternative energy: using hydrogen battery
28. Generate energy and store it
29. Disadvantage: too expensive
30. No suited to present-day engine
Section4
参考答案
31.Research found Jomon’s existence before 10,000 BC.
32.Jomon people arrived in Japan through a land bridge
33.Temperature rise led to the growth of forest and population.
34.As a result of global warming, rising sea levels also changed Jomon people’s migration to other areas.
35.Their major food pattern consists of nuts and fish.
36.They were hunter gatherers whose weapons are arrows and spears.
37.They lived in round buildings in a village.
38.The people used to use pairs of stones in cooking.
39.Tradition of local marriage ceremony has been well preserved till today.
40.And later they learn how to grow rice.
Reading 阅读
Passage 1 The Dinosaurs Footprints and Extinction
A
Everybody knows that the dinosaurs were killed by an asteroid. Something big hit the earth 65 million years ago and, when the dust had fallen, so had the great reptiles. There is thus a nice, if ironic, symmetry in the idea that o similar impact brought about the dinosaurs’ rise. That is the thesis proposed by Paul Olsen, of Columbia University, and his colleagues in this week’s Science.
B
Dinosaurs first appear in the fossil record 230m years ago, during the Triassic period. But they were mostly small, and they shared the earth with lots of other sorts of reptile. It was in the subsequent Jurassic, which began 202million years ago, that they overran the planet and turned into the monsters depicted in the book and movie “Jurassic Park” ( 侏罗纪公园) . (Actually, though, the dinosaurs that appeared on screen were from the still more recent Cretaceous ( 白垩纪) period.) Dr Olsen and his colleagues are not the first to suggest that the dinosaurs inherited the earth as the result of an asteroid strike. But they are the first to show that the takeover did, indeed, happen in a geological eyeblink.
C
Dinosaur skeletons are rare. Dinosaur footprints are, however, surprisingly abundant. And the sizes of the prints are as good an indication of the sizes of the beasts as are the skeletons themselves. Dr Olsen and his colleagues therefore concentrated on prints, not bones.
D
The prints in question were made in eastern North America, a part of the world then full of rift valleys similar to those in East Africa today. Like the modern African rift valleys, the Triassic ( 三叠纪) /Jurassic American ones contained lakes, and these lakes grew and shrank at regular intervals because of climatic changes caused by periodic shifts in the earth’s orbit. (A similar phenomenon is responsible for modern ice ages.) That regularity, combined with reversals in the earth’s magnetic field, which are detectable in the tiny fields of certain magnetic minerals, means that rocks from this place and period can be dated to within a few thousand years. As a bonus, squishy (adj. 粘糊糊的) lake-edge sediments are just the things for recording the tracks of passing animals. By dividing the labour between themselves, the ten authors of the paper were able to study such tracks at 80 sites.
E
The researchers looked at 18 so-called ichnotoxo( 群落). These are recognisable types of footprint that cannot be matched precisely with the species of animal that left them. But they can be matched with a general sort of animal, and thus act as an indicator of the fate of that group, even when there are no bones to tell the story.
F
Five of the ichnotaxa disappear before the end of the Triassic, and four march confidently across the boundary into the Jurassic. Six, however, vanish at the boundary, or only just splutter across it; and three appear from nowhere, almost as soon as the Jurassic begins.
G
That boundary itself is suggestive. The first geological indication of the impact that illed the dinosaurs was an unusually high level of iridium in rocks at the end of the Cretaceous, when the beasts disappear from the fossil record. Iridium is normally rare at the earth’s surface, but it is more abundant in meteorites. When people began to believe the impact theory, they started looking for other Cretaceous-end anomalies. One that turned up was a surprising abundance of fern spores in rocks Just above the boundary layer-a phenomenon known as a“fern spike”( 蕨类）
H
That matched the theory nicely. Many modern ferns are opportunists. They cannot compete against plants with leaves, but if a piece of land is cleared by, say, a volcanic eruption, they are often the first things to set up shop there. An asteroid strike would have scoured much of the earth of its vegetable cover, and provided a paradise for ferns. A fern spike in the rocks is thus a good indication that something terrible has happened.
I
Both an iridium ( 铱) anomaly and a fern spike appear in rocks at the end of the Triassic, too. That accounts for the disappearing ichnotaxa: the creatures that made them did not survive the holocaust. The surprise is how rapidly the new ichnotaxa appear. Eubrontes giganteus, for example, is there a mere 10,000 years after the iridium anomaly. The Eubrontes ( 一种大脚印）prints were made by theropods-the dinosaur group that went on to produce such nightmares as Allosaurus( 异龙)and Tyrannosaurus( 暴龙) -and Eubrontes is already 20% bigger than any theropod track recorded from the Triassic.
J
Dr Olsen and His colleagues suggest that the explanation for this rapid increase in size may be a phenomenon called ecological release. This is seen today when reptiles (which, in modern times, tend io be small creatures) reach
islands where they face no competitors. The most spectacul r example is on
the Indonesian island of Komodo, where local lizards have gr wn so large
that they are often referred to as dragons. The dinosaurs, in o her words, could
flourish only when the competition had been knocked out.
K
That leaves the question of where the impact happened. No large hole in the earth’s crust seems to be 202m years old. It may, of course, have been overlooked. Old craters are eroded and buried, and not always easy to find. Alternatively, it may have vanished. Although continental crust is more or less permanent, the ocean floor is constantly recycled by the tectonic processes that bring about continental drift. There is no ocean floor left that is more than 200m years old, so a crater that formed in the ocean would have been swallowed up by now.
1. Dr Paul Olsen and his colleagues believed that asteroid knock also lead to dinosaurs boom---YES
2. Books and movies like Jurassic Park often exaggerate the size of the dinosaurs.---NG
3. Dinosaur footprints are more adequate than dinosaur skeletons---YES
4.The prints were chosen by Dr Olsen to study because they are more detectable than earth magnetic field to track a date of geological precise within thousands years.---NG
5.Ichnotaxa showed that footprints of dinosaurs offer exact information of the trace left by an individual species.---NO
6.We can find more Iridium in the earth’s surface than in meteorites.---NO
这道题大家可以先练习，后面有答案。
Dr Olsen and his colleagues applied a phenomenon named---7---to explain the large size of the Eubrontes, which is a similar case to that nowadays reptiles invade a place where there are no---8---;for example, on an island called Komodo, indigenous huge lizards grow so big that people even regarding them as---9---
However, there were no old impact trace being found? The answer may be that we have---10---the evidence. Old craters are difficult to spot or it probably ---11---due to the effect of the earth moving.Even a crater formed in Ocean had been---12---under the impact of crust movement. Beside, the third hypothesis is that the potential evidences some craters may be---13---
参考答案
7. Ecological release 8. competitors
9. dragons 10. overlooked
11. (have) vanished 12. Swallowed up
13. misdated
Passage 2 Food for thought 2
参考答案：暂无
Passage 3 Human behaviour
参考答案：暂无
Writing 写作
小作文
柱图：The charts below show the distribution of employment in agriculture, industry and services in three countries in 1980 and the projections of distribution in 2020.
大作文
In some cities, there are few controls over the design and construction of new homes and office buildings. Do you think the advantages of this approach outweigh the disadvantages?
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