广州新航道覃思路老师，雅思阅读主讲，学士学位，授课风格深入浅出，条理清晰，擅于运用朴素的语言解析复杂的知识点，帮助学生在短期内夯实基础，举一反三，迅速提高。

广州雅思老师覃思路

雅思阅读长难句似乎是老生常谈，方法肯定大家也在各种类型的文章看过很多。对于阅读已经在7.5分及以上的同学，你可以关掉界面了，因为这篇文章可能帮不到你什么。

但是如果你是基础段的学生，本文主要针对基础段学生，尤其是目前阅读在5-6分左右的同学，强烈推荐把这篇文章看完，因为它可以帮助你在不用背语法专有名词的前提下，迅速提高你的阅读速度和对长难句的理解能力。

读懂长难句，首先要理解中英文语序的差异。因为句子读不懂，很多时候是因为修饰关系理不清楚即中英文语序差异造成的。

我们先来看1个比较简单的句子：

中文：那个住在我隔壁的女人是个的歌星。

英文：The woman who lives next door is a famous singer./The woman living next door is a famous singer.

总结：中文只有“adj.+n.”一种语序，即使修饰名词的成分再长也要放在名词前面；英文除了“adj.+n.”的语序外，还可以把修饰成分放在名词后面“n.+adj./从句/现在分词Ving/过去分词P.P./介词+短语”。

翻译的时候注意要“先翻译名词后面的成分”+“的”+“n.”不要小看也不要省略”的，它会改变词性，一定要严格按照这个公式翻译。可以用这个方法翻译例句的英文句子，体会中英文这种语序的差异。

其次要屏蔽修饰成分，找到主句的主语和谓语。

这里我们分3小步讲解：步区分从句，第二步区分动词和分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done，现在分词是形容词），第三部介词的翻译。

步：屏蔽从句，找到主句谓语。

很多同学看到这里准备关掉页面了，因为你觉得我要开始给你讲句子结构讲定语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句...哈哈，放心吧，这篇文章不会掉书袋，不会逼你背任何专有名词，但是依旧能够提高你理解长难句的能力。

之前我们讲过，连接词分为2类：对等连接词和从属连接词。

我们先来简单复习一下：

①Do you write with your right hand or your left hand?

②I always rely on him when I am in the trouble.

在①句中“or”左右两边的短语词性相同，故“or”称为对等连接词。在②句中，when左右两边的句子是从属关系，且when后面的句子为从句，故“when”称为从属连接词。这篇文章主要讨论从属连接词。

从属连接词除了when，还有that, which, whether, what, where,since,why等等。

只要某个句子前面有从属连接词，不管是when/why/how，只要有，该句就是从句。

以前大家可能会区分这个从句是定语从句，那个是主语从句，这个是同位语从句等等，然后越学越乱，越学感觉越难。其实在阅读中，我们并不需要区分这个从句属于哪个类型的从句，我们只要知道它是从句即可。

理解长难句时，先找主干的谓语，以谓语为界，前面的主语成分不能翻译到后面，后面的成分不能翻译到前面。

我们举2个简单的例子练习一下：

(1) Why they refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.

(2) The problem whether we should do the experiment has been solved.

在（1）句中，refused 前面有个why, 因此该句为从句，主干的谓语是“is”,翻译时先翻译谓语前面的内容即“为什么他们不跟我们合作”，再翻译谓语和后面的内容即“仍然是一个谜”，连起来便是“为什么他们不跟我们合作仍然是一个谜”。

在（2）句中，“whether”后面的句子是从句，故主干的谓语是“has been solved”(has表时态)，先翻译前面“我们是否应该做这个实验的问题”，再加上后面“已经被解决了”，即“我们是否应该做这个实验的问题已经解决了”。

现在，大家应该能够很快区分从句和主句了吧？

第二步，区分谓语动词与形容词词性的分词

（现在分词doing和过去分词done）。

Doing看前面是否有be动词（am/is/are/was/were）,若有，doing为正在进行的动作，若无，doing为形容词。

done看前面+后面：若前面有be动词,done表示被动的动作；若无，看后面：后面为动词/介词，则done多为形容词；后面为名词，则done是动词。

如：

A further example of this strategy was supermarket Tesco’s response to consumers’ growing concerns about the environment.(C13 P46)

此句中“growing”前面没有be动词，故“growing”为形容词。

第三步：介词结构先翻译介词后面的内容

+的+前面的名词。

如：

Limits to human sporting performance are not yet in sight.

此句主干谓语是“was”,前面“limits to human sporting performance”是主语，先翻译“human sporting performance”+“的”+“limits”即人类运动表现的极限，整句话翻译为“人类运动表现的极限是还看不见的。”

以上，基本是雅思阅读解长难句的基本方法，你看懂了吗？接下来，我们试着读一下雅思阅读真题中的句子吧！

Researchers played repeating vowel sounds made by special synthesizing device that mimicked sounds made by either an adult woman or another baby.

主句的谓语是“played”，你找到了吗？没有找到的话，看下面的步骤，跟着我一起找一下吧！

步：找到主句谓语。“that”后面为从句，主句的谓语在前半部分，repeating前面没有be动词因此是形容词修饰“vowel sounds”，made后面是by介词因此连同后面的“either an adult woman or another baby”是形容词修饰“vowel sounds”。

先翻译主句谓语前面的，再翻译谓语动词后面的，最后的翻译：研究者们播放一些不断重复的声音，这些声音要么是模仿一位成年女性的声音，要么是模仿另一个婴儿的声音。

本文所讲解的方法能够解大部分的长难句，但是仍然有一些特殊情况限于篇幅的原因我们没有办法讨论。欢迎大家来到新航道的课堂，我们将在课堂上给大家进行更加细致的讲解，并配合真题进行更多的练习哦！

在多年的雅思写作教学过程中，唐老师发现众多烤鸭面临一个难解的尴尬局面：自己练习写了很多作文，但写作水平却不见实质性提升，最后考试成绩依然维持在以前的档次。这其实就涉及到作文修改的问题。唐老师的基本观点是：烤鸭写完习作后，一定要请行家修改自己的作文，指出问题及改进的办法。在这里，“行家”就显得尤其重要：如果修改仅仅发生在语言表达层面，而没有涉及思维层面，那么学生从修改里收获的进步就一定是非常有限的。为此，唐老师准备从本期开始，推出“雅思习作评改系列”，每期精选出一篇有典型意义的学生习作，并详细加以修改点评，希望读者能从唐老师的修改中得到有益的启发。本期给各位烤鸭准备的话题是关于“化学物质用于食品生产和保存的优劣势”。

题目

Do the dangers derived from the use of chemicals in food production and preservation outweigh the advantages?

学生习作

It has been claimed that people use several chemicals in the process of production and preservation. My view is that the disadvantages of using chemicals far outweigh the advantages.

It cannot be denied that people are more likely to use chemicals as a way to extend the time of food preservation, because it can help businessman gain more profits. For example, some agricultural products like vegetables and fruits are easily to become stale when they experience long-term transportation. If not adding some chemicals ingredients to protect food, merchants will suffer great economic damages.

However, there are several disadvantages of over-use chemicals. One the one hand, some of the chemicals ingredients cannot be resoled by digest system, which could effects human health. If chemicals remain in people body for a long time, it may cause diseases like cardiovascular, stomachache or lung disease etc. One the other hand, remain chemicals’ elements also damage natural environment. Some farmers use pesticides to protect agricultural products from destroying by harmful insects. However, the remains that cannot resole by ecosystem may pollute surrounding water and soil. To a large extent, if animal drink the water or eat the food, the may died by those poison food. What’s more, in the process of producing food, the contaminants that are made by factories directly pour into rivers, also cause habitat destruction, in this way, it account for the loss of biodiversity.

In conclusion, my view is that the disadvantages of this trend far outweigh advantages. If people control the use of chemicals, we will become healthier and also can enhance the human condition.

总体评价

评分：按照雅思写作评分标准的四个方面，唐老师给本习作的评分如下：Task response: 6.5; Coherence: 6.5; Vocabulary: 5.5; Grammar: 5.5。Overall: 6

总体评价：内容没有很大问题，相当通顺，逻辑和观点都比较清楚，但出现了一些基本的语法错误和用词错误，拉低了得分，相当遗憾！

建议：确保简单句子不出错误，用词方面一定要确保表达思想，不一定复杂。

逐句修改

第1段：It has been claimed that people use several chemicals in the process of production and preservation. My view is that the disadvantages of using chemicals far outweigh the advantages.

【唐老师修改】It has been claimed by many that there is nothing wrong using chemicals in food production and preservation. My view, however, is that the disadvantages of using chemicals far outweigh its advantages.

【唐老师点评】it has been claimed...后面应该接一个观点，但原文不是一个观点，只是一种现象。

第2段：It cannot be denied that people are more likely to use chemicals as a way to extend the time of food preservation, because it can help businessmangain more profits. For example, some agricultural products like vegetables and fruits are easily to become stale when they experience long-term transportation. If not adding some chemicals ingredients to protect food, merchants will suffer great economic damages.

【唐老师修改】It cannot be denied that people are more likely to use chemicals as a way to extend the time of food preservation, because it can help businessmen gain more profits. For example, some agricultural products like vegetables and fruits are easy to become stale when they experience long-term transportation. Without some chemical ingredients to protect them, merchants will suffer heavy economic losses.

【唐老师点评】本段错误不多，稍微改正，感觉可以冲7分了。(1) businessman是单数，此处宜做复数；（2）vegetables and fruits are easily to become stale...中的easily是副词，这里宜用形容词easy或者vegetables and fruits easily become stale...；（3）if not adding some chemical ingredients...是非常典型的中式表达，相当于“不如不添加一些化学成分”，但其实最合适的英文表达是“without some chemical ingredients” （如果没有一些化学成分”）；（4）economic damages表达不合适，宜为economic losses.

第3段：However, there are several disadvantages of over-use chemicals. One the one hand, some of the chemicals ingredients cannot be resoled by digest system, which could effects human health. If chemicals remain in people bodyfor a long time, it may cause diseases like cardiovascular, stomachache or lung disease. One the other hand, remain chemicals’ elements also damage natural environment. Some farmers use pesticides to protect agricultural products from destroying by harmful insects. However, the remains thatcannot resole by ecosystem may pollute surrounding water and soil. To a large extent, if animal drink the water or eat the food, they may died by those poison food. What’s more, in the process of producing food, the contaminants that are made by factories directly pour into rivers, also cause habitat destruction, in this way, it account for the loss of biodiversity.

【唐老师修改】However, there are several disadvantages of over-using chemicals. One the one hand, some chemicals cannot be resolved by digestive system, and cause harmful effects on human health. If chemicals remain in our body for a long time, they may lead to diseases like cardiovascular, stomachache or lung disease. One the other hand, chemicals also damage natural environment. For instance, some farmers use pesticides to protect agricultural products from harmful insects. However, the remains that cannot be resolved by ecosystem may pollute surrounding water and soil. If animals drink the water or eat the food, they may be poisoned. What’s more, in the process of producing food, the contaminants made by factories are directly poured into rivers, and cause habitat destruction, which accounts for the loss of biodiversity.

【唐老师点评】这个段落原文共143个单词，8个句子，却出现了多达12个基本语言错误！这样的作文，就算思想再深刻，得分也不可能高于6分。（1）over-use chemicals应为over using chemicals，或者chemical over-use（把over-use当作名词使用）；（2）some of the chemicals应为some chemicals。Some of the...指某一范围内的“一些”，some...则没有限定范围；（3）digest system应为digestive system（消化系统）；（4）effects应为affect（影响）；（5）people body应为our body; （6）it应为they，这里代词指代的是前文的复数chemicals。代词使用是中国英语学习者的一个很大的难题，经常出现错误。（7）remain chemicals’ elements似乎想表达“残留的化学成分”，但完全不符合规范，不如直接说“化学物质”（chemicals），考试中不要试图去表达不会表达的内容。（8）protect agricultural products from destroying by harmful insects应为...protect agricultural products from being destroyed by harmful insects，或者更简洁的...protect agricultural products from harmful insects. （9）cannot resolve应为被动语态cannot be resolved。（10）they may died by those poison food应为they may die from those poisoned food，但前文提及water 和food，因而这里仅说poisoned food也不合适，因此宜改为they may be poisoned。（11）...the contaminants that are made by factories directly pour into rivers中，主语是the contaminants，谓语是pour into rivers，两者是被动关系，因此应该是...the contaminants made by factories are directly poured into rivers。（12）...in this way, it account for the loss of biodiversity中it指代不明。

第4段：In conclusion, my view is that the disadvantages of this trend far outweigh advantages. If people control the use of chemicals, we will become healthier and also can enhance the human condition.

【唐老师修改】In conclusion, the disadvantages of chemical use in food production and preservation far outweigh the advantages. Though it helps increase profits for businesses, it may cause great dangers to our life as well as the environment. If we control the use of chemicals, we will become healthier and our living conditions will also be improved.

【唐老师点评】结尾没有总结出全文观点，修改文黑体字增加了一句总结观点。最后一句中，people, we, human condition不停转换，代词游离不定，让人着急，可以统一为人称。