下沙培森教育暑假托福培训
搞定托福阅读，你必须知道这些！
在托福阅读中除了不断的为自己积累好一些词句之外，想要不读的提速文章的阅读，长句中的逻辑关系也是非常重要的。那么，以下内容中就是小编为大家整理了托福阅读的四大逻辑关系，希望能为大家带来帮助。
搞定托福阅读，你必须知道这些！
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第 一种：因果关系
因：because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of,with
果：so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus,consequently, accordingly
因果关系除了传统意义上的显性因果表达词外，隐性的因果同样是不可忽略的一个重要部分。
隐性因果：
A 导致(因-果)：cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask,support,push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for
如The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.
在这段话中，有lead to, 表示了导致的意思，即结果; 而so that 更进一步表示了后面的结果，所以可以充分判定这段话有因果关系的逻辑。
B 由…而来(果-因)：result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from,be responsive to, be attributable to
如 “The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”
在这段话中，根据result from可以推断出有因果关系，那如果是解释句子题时，选项中有因果关系就可以优先考虑。
C 反映，体现(果-因): reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show
This result demonstrates that…
D 考虑到: given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to
He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.
E 依赖于: rely on, depend on, resort to,
He resorted to books when he had problems.
F 条件关系：when, once, as soon as, as long as
As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.
G 分词短语，不定式做状语
Failing in the final exam, she cried.
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第二种：对比转折关系
A 对比：while, whereas, on the other hand
在解释句子题，插入句子题中，一旦出现对比关系，学生在掌握的基础上就能非常快速的判定句间和句内的关系。While, whereas 前后连接的是平行结构，on the other hand前必定有on one hand, 可以用来把握句间关系。
B 转折：but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第三种：比较关系
A 同级比较 as…as
B 比较级：more…than, -er than, less…than
C 变化：change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish,develop,progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain
D 差异：different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to
E 超越：surpass, exceed, excel, over
F 最 高 级
1)本身有最 高 级含义：maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top
2) 本身程度比较深：amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high
3) 否定+比较=最 高 级
No one is more outstanding than him.
从这句话中可以看出，否定加比较表示的是一种最 高 级关系。
托福阅读文章逻辑关系第四种：否定关系
显性否定：no, not, never, nor, none neither
隐形否定：fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of
否定前缀：a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un-
否定前缀是词汇题中经常出的一个考点，把握否定前缀可以帮助考生把握一些生词，依靠否定前缀对选项进行一个排除。
双重否定托福阅读词汇：not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable
双重否定是英文中经常运用的表达方式，由于在平时中文对话中用的很少，随意对双重否定的把握就显得特别的重要。
下面小编还要为你们分享三大重要技巧，一次性搞定阅读，让你再也不怕托福的阅读题!
第 一点，托福阅读词汇量是关键。
各位如果觉得托福阅读考试很难的话，请你一定要肯拿出时间来背单词。磨刀不误砍柴工，这句话一点都不假。即使你用一周时间，能把80%的单词都记住，那也是很值得的。
第二，托福阅读的做题顺序。
现在还有人问，先看问题再读文章，又说自己不习惯等等。其实，这个完全在你自己。如果你觉得“先看问题再读文章，而且找到答案就停止，再读下一个问题”这样很习惯，那就保持下去。如果你觉得整个文章读完再做心里踏实，那就读完好了。
第 一题，一般都是主题题。先不管。从第二题开始，看问题，然后看是读第 一段。不管有没有找到答案，把这一段读完再停。这样，如果词基本认识，句子结构比较清楚的话，答案差不多就出来了。接下来还是这样，即使那一段很长，我也是读完一整段再做题。但如果你的托福阅读水平不是特别高的话，当你读完一段，有些问题的答案你可能已经知道了，但是还是请定位到原文，再看一遍。看看问 题问的是不是的确就是你得出的答案等等。总之一句话，托福阅读的答案都是从文章里来的，如果和文章矛盾了或者文章没有这些说法，那就肯定不是正确答案!
第三，托福阅读解题技巧。
遇到不确定的题目，一定从原文找到定位，然后把肯定不对的选项排除。就算是瞎蒙，50%也比25%好。这个也是做主题题的一贯原则。等你把文章通篇都读完了，再回过头看这个题目的时候，不正确的说法就可以排除了(如果你也是最后做主题题的话，一定不要忘了，还有一道题!)
推荐托福阅读进行限时连续练习，就是每套题不超过53分钟，连续做两套。这可是最后的部分了，最容易疲劳的阶段，因此也需要适应性训练。同样在答题纸 上写答案。错题看看是为什么错的，是不是因为定位没找对。把做过的阅读里出现的词对，就是那些单词题的正确选项都摘抄下来，尽管重复的几率不大，但是有些词是经常出现的。
更多托福课程、雅思课程、雅思写作单项突破、留学规划、四六级课程、PTE课程、多邻国课程、A-level课程、GRE课程，或者有任何疑问，欢迎联系咨询！
下沙培森教育暑假托福培训
托福阅读遇到说明文要怎么理解?
托福阅读中的说明文题目一般难度较高，下面小编通过实例给大家讲讲说明文的解题思路。
托福阅读遇到说明文要怎么理解?
托福阅读说明文结构讲解
一般而言，托福阅读中的说明文会说明某个现象，文章的第1段是：介绍背景及引出下文;之后的主体段，结构也很清晰：主旨句Topic sentence + 解释句Explain + 举例子Examples + 总结句Summary。其实跟我们高考语文有异曲同工之妙。下面来看实例解析：
官方真题Official-19 The Roman Army's Impact on Britain
In the wake of the Roman Empire's conquest of Britain in the first century A.D., a large number of troops stayed in the new province, and these troops had a considerable impact on Britain with their camps, fortifications, and participation in the local economy. Assessing the impact of the army on the civilian population starts from the realization that the soldiers were always unevenly distributed across the country. Areas rapidly incorporated into the empire were not long affected by the military. Where the army remained stationed, its presence was much more influential. The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. The imposition of military rule also robbed local leaders of opportunities to participate in local government, so social development was stunted and the seeds of disaffection sown. This then meant that the military had to remain to suppress rebellion and organize government.
留下 these troops had a considerable impact on Britain;也就是第1句说的是罗马军队对英国有影响。这句话相当于对题目的阐述，交代了文章的整个大背景。之后2～4句其实交代前提，开始具体的说开，要估算军队对平民的影响首先要了解一个事实：士兵不是平均分布的。那既然不是平均分布，肯定是有多有少的。所以，第三句接着说了有些地方士兵少：很快融入帝国的区域;第四句说有些地方士兵多影响大：军队驻扎的地方。第5～7句说回重点，也就是what，到底有哪些影响：军营先要征地;然后会抢走当地领导参与单位的机会;之后社会发展受阻，人民不满而反抗，最后军事镇压。
首段的第1句话，虽然句子很长，但其实只需要抓住结构层次进行分析就能找到阅读重点。
所以总共7句话的段落，分层三个层次，主旨句+前提说明+重点阐述。事实上，段落第1句就完成了background+introduction双重目的：英国被罗马帝国征服+ 士兵的营地/防御工事以及参与当地经济所造成的影响。
Economic exchange was clearly very important as the Roman army brought with it very substantial spending power. …… Such activities had a major effect on the local area, in particular with the construction of infrastructure such as roads, which improved access to remote areas.
第二段一开始就交代了经济交换的影响：强大的购买力，以及帮助修建基础设施。
Each soldier received his pay, but in regions without a developed economy there was initially little on which it could be spent. …… These settlements acted like small towns, becoming centers for the artisan and trading populations.
第三段还是在讲经济：刚来的时候士兵有钱没地方花;最后军队驻扎地变成了小镇。
The army also provided a mean of personal advancement for auxiliary soldiers recruited from the native peoples, as a man obtained hereditary Roman citizenship on retirement after service in an auxiliary regiment. …… By the later Roman period, frontier garrisons (groups of soldiers) were only rarely transferred, service in units became effectively hereditary, and forts were no longer populated or maintained at full strength.
第四段开始讲另一个重大影响：当地人通过当兵获得可继承的罗马公民地位。
This process of settling in as a community over several generations, combined with local recruitment, presumably accounts for the apparent stability of the British northern frontier in the later Roman period. It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A.D. The circumstances that had allowed natives to become Romanized also led the self-sustaining military community of the frontier area to become effectively British.
第五段，做了个小总结，讲这种融合过程及当地招募促进了北部边境的稳定。
通过上文实例讲解，相信大家对于托福阅读说明文的基本结构和解题思路也有了一定了解。
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