天心区暑假零基础雅思培训
申请季通过了!经过了密锣密鼓的准备!终于!拿到offer可以前往心仪大学开始新的人生学习的旅程。当我们抱着充满激情的人心准备在大展身手，可能发现被一个叫Essay的小伙伴(到了大学的最后的一年，这个小伙伴升级成为了Dissertation/Thesis)搞得手忙脚乱……
昂首挺胸地交上去份Essay，然而教授评分后的评语写着: Your writing is amusing, but it is not an academic writing. 翻看前面的评语，海般的红色修改意见几乎要冲出屏幕对我造成真实伤害。在那一刻，我怀疑自己学了假英语，写了假论文。
正为分数的少的听到心碎的声音、准备绝食午餐的时候，神拉住了我：我居然比别人家的孩子高三分!惊喜了三秒后，我开始思考：轻易通过语言要求的我(TA)们，为什么会在大学次的论文作业惨遭滑铁卢?雅思七八分的英语还不足以应对大学作业吗?很快地，我就悟出了一个真理：没有掌握游戏规则。
的人应该凭借实力取胜，但是掌握游戏规则也是制胜的关键。正如在打台湾麻将的时候不能按照四川麻将的玩法，不然一定惨输。而偏偏在次的论文作业中，我和别人家的孩子都犯了这个错误。虽然我们在前面的语言考试中取得不错的分数，偏偏大学课程里的Essay Assignment要求的是Academic Writing。无论我们的语言能力有多好，只要不符合Academic Writing的规定，Essay依然不能被评为甚至很有可能被判定为不合格。
首先，让我们搞清楚Academic Writing是什么?
有学者是这么定义的：”Academic writing refers to a style of expression that researchers use to define the intellectual boundaries of their disciplines and their specific areas of expertise (Hartley, 2008).”大部分的学术论文都是根据Academic Writing 的要求来完成的。在Research Community 中，论文承载着成果的发表和意见交流。对于很多研究者来说，研究成果是宝贵的，同时也希望自己的成果能够被尊重。因此，区别于普通写作，Academic Writing的文风是偏向严肃、正式的。
那么怎样才能写出规范的学术文章呢?
01避免或节制使用人称(I, me)
在平常的作文或者考试中，我们习惯性地使用”I”来描述自己的角度。然而在学术报告中，特别是社会科学类或者是工科类的论文，文章的大部分内容是立足客观实验和研究之中，I或me的表达会使文章看起来变得非常主观性。相比之下，第三人称的叙述能让文章整体更具客观性和严肃性。我们可以比较一下两种写法：
I visited the local care home and asked carers to participate in this project.
The author visited the local care home, and introduced this research project to carers.
这两个句子表达的意思非常相似，但是用词却不一样。你觉得哪种表达更正式、客观呢?
02规范表达，避免不正规的缩写
从以前学英语开始我们就知道缩写的好处：省时间。在Academic Writing中，学者们也常常利用缩写节省空间;同时，Academic Writing也对缩写的使用作出了详细的规定。我们常用的缩写有they will=they’ll, it’s=it is, i.e.=in other words, e.g.=for example等等，但要注意这些缩写在学术文章的正体内是不可以出现的!不要忘记，学术文章是高冷的，需要时刻保持严谨和严肃的风格。
03杜绝抄袭!杜绝抄袭!杜绝抄袭!
“In the past ideas came from the brainNow they come from Google.” --The College of Everthing
Plagiarism是论文的禁忌。还记得前段时间一位北大研究生因为论文抄袭被撤销学位的新闻吗?很多人以为，抄袭就是把别人的东西直接“偷”过来当成自己的成果。当踏入论文这个坑，你会明白事情不是这么简单：如果写作格式不正确同样也会被当成抄袭——这就是为什么我们要了解相关的Writing style(写作格式)。
Writing Style能够让我们有逻辑地、科学地、严谨地表达和传送自己的研究成果，使学术交流变得为规范;同时也为了尊重其他人的研究成果。常见的包括：
写作格式Writing Style 常用学科
American Psychology Association (APA) 社科类文章
American Medication Association (AMA) 医学科学类文章
Modern Language Association (MLA) 人文科学研究
!!!值得注意的是，写作规范并不是一成不变的：相关的研究学会会定期更新相关的写作规则，因此在开始码论文之前不要忘记查阅相关的要求~
Turnitin是大学里常见的抄袭查重软件，大家以后会经常遇到这位可爱可恨的小伙伴。
真正地了解Academic Writing还需要一段时间和联系，许多大学为了规范的学术写作会特意为学生开设为期半年到一年的训练课程。这篇小文只是带着大家稍稍眺望一下前方的道路，探探水。无论论文多难写，都不要忘记“诚实”二字，忠于自己，忠于学术。学习这条路，长路漫漫其修远兮!
Reference:
Academic Writing. Writing Center. Colorado Technical College; Hartley, James. Academic Writing and Publishing: A Practical Guide. New York: Routledge, 2008.
天心区暑假零基础雅思培训
2019年3月23日雅思大作文题目学校和家庭对孩子的影响谁更大？内附雅思作文范文
Once children start school, teachers have more influence than parents on their intellectual and social development. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
解析&审题
本题是教育类老题。
孩子上学后，无论是学习还是社会能力发展，老师的作用都比父母的作用更大，你是否同意这个观点？
这个题目明确地区分了两种发展，即intellectual 以及social的发展，前者指的是学习方面，后面指的是学习之外的社会交往能力方面。对于这种题目，我们完全可以用“分情况讨论”这种写作策略。比如，我们可以论证，在学习方面，老师的作用更大（这个很容易论证），但在社交能力培养方面，父母的影响好像会更大一些，最后指出，教师和家长一起对孩子的学习和社会能力负责，这两者在很多情况下其实是不可分的。
各位烤鸭，你是怎么写的呢？以下请看唐老师的高分范文。
老师笔记
01
Teachers and parents share responsibility for the education and socialization of children. In my opinion, while teachers may have a bigger impact on children’s intellectual development, parents play a more important role in children’s social development.
教师和家长对儿童的教育和社会化都负有责任。在我看来，虽然老师可能对孩子的学业发展有更大的影响，但家长们却在儿童的社会发展中扮演更重要的角色。
解析
(1) 开篇即亮出自己的观点：老师和父母同时为孩子的教育和社交能力负责，但老师在学业方面的影响更多，而父母在社交能力发展方面作用更大。用词方面，本范文也注意到变化，比如while teachers have a bigger impact on...，parents play a more important role in...
(2) Impact 影响
(3) Intellectual development 智力发展；学业发展
02
On the one hand, teachers are in school to help children succeed academically, and here lies teachers’ influence. Teachers keep children focused on study and, as a result, have more influence on their intellectual development. Although children may spend more time with parents even after they start school, teachers are the ones who help children with their reading, writing, and mathematics, and tell them about the world outside the comfort of family life. That is why children’s academic performance is more a sign of effective teaching than great parenting.
一方面，教师在学校帮助孩子在学业上取得成功，这就是教师的影响。教师让孩子们专注于学习，从而对他们的智力发展产生更大的影响。尽管孩子们甚至在开始上学后也会花更多的时间和父母在一起，但老师才是帮助孩子们阅读、写作和数学的人，并告诉他们舒适的家庭生活之外的世界。这就是为什么孩子们的学业成绩更多的是有效教学的标志，而不是伟大的父母教育的标志。
解析
(1) 本段论述为什么老师对孩子的学业教育更加重要。从学校的职责谈起，然后讨论学生能从老师那里学习什么东西。本段的最后一句话类似一个段落总结。
(2) Academically 学习上地
(3) Focus on... 聚焦于......
(4) Effective 有效的
03
On the other hand, parents are the key elements in children’s social development. In other words, children usually rely more on parents than teachers when it comes to acquiring good social behaviors. Parents are the ultimate role models to their children. In most cases, the desired social behaviors are taught through a variety of accumulating experiences stemming from parents’ influence rather than teachers’. Actually, every word, movement or action from parents has an effect on children who observe and then do the same in their upcoming life. Compared to teachers, therefore, parents have more power to influence the social lives of their children.
另一方面，父母是儿童社会发展的关键因素。换句话说，在获得良好的社会行为方面，孩子们通常更多地依赖父母而不是老师。父母是孩子的榜样。在大多数情况下，理想的社会行为是通过各种累积的经验而获得的，而这些经验来自父母的影响而非老师的影响。事实上，父母的每一句话、动作或行动都会对孩子产生影响，孩子们观察并会在即将到来的生活中做同样的事情。因此，与教师相比，父母有更多的力量来影响孩子的社会生活。
解析
(1) 本段论述为什么父母对孩子的社交能力发展影响更大。本段使用的是层层解释法。最后一句是段落总结。
(2) Rely on... 依赖于......
(3) Ultimate 最终的
(4) Role model 榜样
(5) A variety of... 各种各样的
(6) Stem from... 来自于......
04
In conclusion, teachers work together with parents in influencing the intellectual and social development of children. Though theoretically we can draw a line between the school influence and parental influence, in reality it is merely a matter of degrees since these two influences are not mutually exclusive.
总之，教师与家长共同努力来影响儿童的智力和社会发展。虽然从理论上讲，我们可以在学校影响和父母影响之间划一条界线，但实际上这只是一个程度问题，因为这两种影响并不是相互排斥的。
解析
(1) 结论段是总结，并提出自己的结论：虽然可以区分学校影响和父母影响，但二者其实是不可分的。
(2) Theoretically 理论上地
(3) Draw a ling between A and B 在A和B中划界限；区分A和B
(4) In reality 实际上
(5) Merely 只是
(6) A matter of degree 一个程度问题
7分范文
Teachers and parents share responsibility for the education and socialization of children. In my opinion, while teachers may have a bigger impact on children’s intellectual development, parents play a more important role in children’s social development.
On the one hand, teachers are in school to help children succeed academically, and here lies teachers’ influence. Teachers keep children focused on study and, as a result, have more influence on their intellectual development. Although children may spend more time with parents even after they start school, teachers are the ones who help children with their reading, writing, and mathematics, and tell them about the world outside the comfort of family life. That is why children’s academic performance is more a sign of effective teaching than great parenting.
On the other hand, parents are the key elements in children’s social development. In other words, children usually rely more on parents than teachers when it comes to acquiring good social behaviors. Parents are the ultimate role models to their children. In most cases, the desired social behaviors are taught through a variety of accumulating experiences stemming from parents’ influence rather than teachers’. Actually, every word, movement or action from parents has an effect on children who observe and then do the same in their upcoming life. Compared to teachers, therefore, parents have more power to influence the social lives of their children.
In conclusion, teachers work together with parents in influencing the intellectual and social development of children. Though theoretically we can draw a line between the school influence and parental influence, in reality it is merely a matter of degrees since these two influences are not mutually exclusive.
(286 words)
建议背诵的句子
1. In my opinion, while teachers may have a bigger impact on children’s intellectual development, parents play a more important role in children’s social development.
在我看来，虽然老师可能对孩子的学业发展有更大的影响，但家长们却在儿童的社会发展中扮演更重要的角色。
2. Although children may spend more time with parents even after they start school, teachers are the ones who help children with their reading, writing, and mathematics, and tell them about the world outside the comfort of family life.
这主要是因为，与电视、广播和网络相比，传统上大家认为报纸是最严肃的新闻渠道，而后者通常被视为娱乐媒体。
3. In most cases, the desired social behaviors are taught through a variety of accumulating experiences stemming from parents’ influence rather than teachers’. Actually, every word, movement or action from parents has an effect on children who observe and then do the same in their upcoming life.
在大多数情况下，理想的社会行为是通过各种累积的经验而获得的，而这些经验来自父母的影响而非老师的影响。事实上，父母的每一句话、动作或行动都会对孩子产生影响，孩子们观察并会在即将到来的生活中做同样的事情。
4. Though theoretically we can draw a line between the school influence and parental influence, in reality it is merely a matter of degrees since these two influences are not mutually exclusive.
虽然从理论上讲，我们可以在学校影响和父母影响之间划一条界线，但实际上这只是一个程度问题，因为这两种影响并不是相互排斥的。
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