托福听力讲座典型话题分类主题：艺术类和生命科学类
托福听力讲座内容涉及各学科的入门知识，话题涉猎广泛，虽然按照官方说法考生无须对材料所涉及的领域有任何预先了解。但实际上如果具备一定的学科知识，对于听懂讲座内容提升解题正确率还是很有帮助的。下面小编就来为大家罗列介绍讲座类典型话题艺术类和生命科学类下的常见主题。

托福听力讲座典型话题分类主题：艺术类和生命科学类

托福听力讲座典型话题艺术类主题介绍

Architecture(建筑)

Industrial design/art(工业设计/艺术)

City planning(城市规划)

Crafts(weaving,knitting,fabrics,furniture,carving,mosaics,ceramics,folk and tribal art)(手工艺：纺织、编织、织物、家具、雕刻、镶嵌工艺品、陶瓷工艺，以及民间艺术和部落艺术)

Cave/rock art(岩洞/石壁艺术)

Music and music history(音乐和音乐史)

Photography(摄影)

Literature and authors(文学和作家)

Books,newspapers,magazines,journals(书籍、报纸、杂志、期刊)

托福听力讲座典型话题生命科学类主题介绍

Extinction of or conservation efforts for animals and plants (动植物的灭绝或保护)

Fish and other aquatic organisms(鱼类和其他水生生物)

Bacteria.and.other.one-celled organisms(细菌和其他单细胞生物)

Viruses (病毒)

Medical techniques (医疗技术)

Public health(公共卫生)

Physiology of sensory organs (感觉器官的生理机能)

Biochemistry (生物化学)

Animal.behavior(migration,food foraging,defenses)

(动物行为：迁徙、觅食、防御行为)

Habitats.and.the.adaptation.of.animals and plants to them(动植物的栖息地以及动植物对栖息地的适应)

Nutrition.and.its.impact.on.the body(营养及其对机体的影响)

Animal communication(动物交流)

范文点评和思路解析：广告宣传中的国家形象
托福写作遭遇陌生话题缺乏思路是比较让人头疼的一件事，考试中如果遇到自己完全不知道怎么写的题目可能会严重影响大家的发挥和心态。因此，考生需要在写作备考中就开始多接触各类作文话题了解写法思路，多读一些高分范文提前进行铺垫。下面小编就为大家带来托福写作难点话题的思路解析和高分范文赏析。

范文点评和思路解析：广告宣传中的国家形象

托福写作难点话题一览

Can advertising tell you a lot about a country?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising can tell you a lot about a country. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

写作思路展开结构分析

同意这个观点更容易写一些。陈述立场后，说明广告是怎样反映一个国家的历史、文化、以及其他情况的。通过比较来说明更容易写一些，比如：中国，与10年前相比，广告中的女性数量变多了，暴露的程度也提高了。说明人们的观念，以及社会的观念发生了变化。中国与欧美国家相比，中国广告中药物广告数量特别多。说明这方面的法制还有待改善。

本话题高分范文赏析

Advertising does not mean to educate or illustrate. Primarily it is a vehicle for business and it aims to sell products. As a result, the information we can gather from looking at advertisings is quite limited. However, the cultural ideas used to sell commodities reveal a society's value system, and from the nature of the advertising and the product it aims to sell we can draw conclusions as to which social demography might be the most affluent.

In order to be most effective an advertising campaign will make use of the cultural values of a country. Obviously, companies will be able to sell more products if a great many people relate to the goods and the images used to sell them. For example, in a country like the United States where a great percentage of the population is religious, advertisers use expressions such as heavenly, divine, or revelation, because these have connotations that prospective customers will likely identify with. Similarly, advertisers will try to employ fashion models who embody a culture's ideals of personal beauty, because attractive men and women will sell more products than unattractive ones.

Companies identify social demographics or parts of society that are most likely to buy their products and design their advertisings accordingly. For example, teenage girls are more likely to buy mobile phones than retired factory workers. Thus companies will make use of fashion trends in their ads and probably pay a famous pop singer a big chunk of money to endorse their product. If the majority of all advertisings in a country are geared towards a specific target market or audience, then this part of the population probably has the most financial resources at their disposal.

Although we can learn some things about a country by looking at its advertising we have to remember that this knowledge is limited. After all, advertising is only directed at people who have the means to buy consumer goods. Thus advertising does not tell us anything about the overall prosperity or likes and dislikes of a country. Also, advertising not only reflects but also tries to shape and change cultural values. Therefore, it does not accurately reflect the exact state of a country's culture.