托福口语综合题TASK2高频对话用词实例分析用法精讲
托福口语的综合题TASK2有听力部分,而因为这道题的听力部分内容为日常对话,所以语速较快,同时还会用到许多日航用语的表达方式,因此很多同学都会听不清这些听力内容中的细节信息。下面小编就来解析一些托福口语综合题中的日常用语。
托福口语综合题TASK2高频对话用词实例分析用法精讲
托福口语综合题日常用语表达:come up
口语环境中比较常见的一个短语。主要有以下几个意思:
(1). 发生
在托福官方真题8的Task 3(相当于现在的TASK 2)中,学校决定要在餐厅播放古典音乐,让学生们在用餐时能够放松心情。但是对话中的女生不同意这个观点。因为她觉得很多学生在吃饭的时候并没有选择放松,而是:
They like to study while they eat, especiallyif they have exams coming up or some assignment they have to get done.
他们喜欢在吃饭的时候学习,当他们即将有考试,或者有需要交的作业的时候更是如此。
(2). 提到、出现
The word “China” came up frequentlyduring the presidential debates.
“中国”的名字在总统辩论中反复被提到。
关于这个短语,我们还需要主意的就是它的衍生短语come up with. 这个短语是“想出、设法拿出”的意思,比如:
After hours of discuss, they came up witha solution.
在数小时的讨论之后,他们想出了一个解决方案。
托福口语综合题日常用语表达:count on
count这个词作为动词,是“数数、差数的意思”。但是后面加上了on, 意思就截然不同了。count on这个短语主要的意思是“依靠、指望”。比如有个女生想要去参加一次郊外旅行,但是事先答应好了另外一个教授来帮忙布置博物馆的展览。她说:
I think she is really counting on me.
我觉得她很指望我。
又比如以下几个句子:
I knew I could count on you to be ontime.
我知道我可以指望你按时到达。
You can always count on him for goodadvice.
你可以指望从他身上获得好的建议。
那么我们在平时的答题中,就可以灵活运用这个短语。比如某个Task让我们描述一次朋友让我们很失望的经历。我就可以说: 有一次我约了朋友一起看电影,但是在电影院等了他很久他也没有来。我很失望因为我一直不觉得他是个会迟到的人:
I was really disappointed because I thought Icould always count on him to be on time.
托福口语综合题日常用语表达:or something
这个短语经常用在一个句子或分句的末尾,表示“诸如此类”的意思。需要注意的是,这里面的“诸如此类”既可以指一类事物(名词),也可以指一类动作(动词)。例如女生说到她的公寓不能住了,因为:
I think some of the pipes burst or worn out orsomething.
我觉得有些管子爆裂了或者老化了,或者其他什么。
再比如女生想要上的中国历史课,但是时间上和她的小学生教学工作冲突了。男生给她提了一个建议,让她推迟上历史课的时间。他说:
Sign up for another semester or something.
换个学期再上这门课,或者诸如此类。
注意在上面的两个例句中,or something指代的都是某一种动作。像之前说的,这个短语也可以指一类事物,比如在托福官方真题16的Task 3(相当于现在的TASK 2)里面,学生建议学校增加校医院里面的医生人数。但是对话里面的男生并不同意,因为校医院里面的病房太少了,即使增加了医生也并不会有什么效果。他说:
Unless they build more treatment rooms oroffices or something.
除非他们建造更多的病房或者办公室或者诸如此类。
以上就是小编为大家讲解分析的几个托福口语综合题听力部分中较为常见的日常用语表达,希望大家能够充分理解它们的意思,以便在听到的di一时间就能反应过来。
如何运用托福写作范文?
怎样运用托福写作范文?托福作文如何提高,如何运用托福范文?在托福作文考试中,死记硬背没有好处,而灵活的运用范文,则可以取得意想不到的效果。下面和小编一起来看看吧。
如何运用托福写作范文?
闪光的托福作文包含四个要素:
1 完整性:句子结构完整,意义完整;
2 连贯性:句子各部分之间以及句子之间的关系紧密、协调,前后意思连贯,思想表达清楚有序;
3 简洁性:言简意赅;
4 多样性:包括词汇多样性和句子多样性。
以上四要素中,前三个要素是前提和基础,比较容易做到;多样性是对前三个要素的升华,是作文闪光点的核心和关键所在
托福词汇多样性:
词汇贫乏是中国学生英语作文的通病。整篇作文一个词用到底,从不作任何变化:一遇到“改变/变化”就是change,“影响”就是effect,“流行”就是popular,“认为”就是think;每逢“因为”就是because,“意识到”就是realize,“想到”就是think of,等等。其实英语词汇很丰富的,同一个意思可以由很多不同的方式表达。
句子多样性
单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子使作文呆板单调,缺乏生动性和说服力;而灵活多变的句子样式和结构则使作文语言生动,自然流畅,丰富多彩。具体包括以下几个方面:
长短句变换:简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用
长句准确生动,长句说明推理;短句简洁明快,意义明确,印象深刻,描述动作,表明主旨,总结归纳,非短句不可。既然各有所长,在写作时应根据实际需要,交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句,以达到“段间长短不一,全篇句式万千”、丰富多样的效果,给读者以及阅卷老师以永恒的新鲜感。
结构多样化:我们学过非谓语动词结构(包括不定式结构和分词结构),无动词结构,分隔结构,比较结构,独立结构,with复合结构,特殊否定结构,it结构,平行结构,强调结构,倒装结构,等等。其中最为神通广大的是非谓语动词结构,在句中或作主语、宾语,或作表语、宾语补足语,或作定语修饰名词,或作状语表示条件、原因、让步、时间、方式、目的、结果、伴随状况等,不一而足。
非谓语动词结构可以简化大部分英语从句,产生语言简练,结构丰富多样的效果,请看下列转化实例:
名词从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
1. That John won the marathon surprised us.
John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.
2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.
I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.
定语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.
2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother’s.
3. The next train that arrives is from New York.
状语从句可转化为非谓语动词结构
1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
2. When they are heated metals expand.
(When) Heated, metals expand.
3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.
…in order for the audience to understand me.
5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.
United, we stand; divided, we fail.
6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.
Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.
无动词结构也是阅卷老师喜欢看到的亮点,原因就在于由于汉语写作惯性,中国学生很少能想到使用该结构。这种结构实质上是SVC结构的省略,包括形容词无动词结构、名词无动词结构(即同位结构)和介词无动词结构,往往放在句子开头,以逗号同主句隔开,表示原因、条件、让步、补充说明,伴随状况等意义。请看下列例子:
形容词无动词结构
1. Big and fat, Victor went to the Gym(健身馆) every Sunday morning.(原因)
2. Speechless, Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat.(伴随状语)
3. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.(原因)
4. (Although)always helpful, he was not much liked by people.(让步)
5. It has little taste, unless hot.(条件)
名词无动词结构
6. A fellow Georgian(佐治亚人), Jordan was well-known as a friend of the President.(同位语)
7. Bank loan or no bank loan, we’ll buy the house.(让步)
8. Whatever the reason, his cordiality(诚恳)to her has won him a friend.(让步)
介词无动词结构
9. Because of his mistake several people died.(原因)
10. Without his sister’s money, Harry would never be a doctor.(条件)
由于写作惯性,同学们写英语作文时,很可能不会想到上述结构,而是写成分句,例如上述例1和例2可能写成:
1b. Because he was big and fat, Victor went to the Gym every Sunday morning.
2b. Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat, and kept speechless.
相比之下不难发现,无动词结构比分句效果更好,更地道,更简练,同时又丰富了作文的句子结构,不仅让读者和阅卷老师为之眼前一亮!
主语多样化:中国人习惯于用人称主语,而英语中则常用无灵主语
(inanimate subject),即无生命的事物作主语,如:
1.The last two decades has witnessed earth-shaking changes in China.
中国在过去的二十年中发生了翻天覆地的变化。
2 A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
她独处时感到一种特别的安宁。
3 I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.
由于我近来事务繁忙,没能给于及早回复,对此我表示深深的歉意。
4 The smallest excuse would have served.
其实,你随便找个哪怕最小的借口就可以了。
5 That night sleep eluded me.
那天晚上我彻夜未眠。
6 The old house has seen better days.
这座老房子的主人曾过着更好的生活。
7 Everything at the party spoke of careful planning.
派对上的一切都说明主人进行了精心策划。
8 A terrible thought suddenly struck me—had I locked the door?
我突然产生了一个可怕的想法——我锁门了吗?
9 When he had to speak, his confidence suddenly deserted him.
等到不得不说话时,他却突然没了信心。
在英语中没有生命的事物作主语,来作为动作的发出者是相当普遍的现象,几乎和人称主语句平分秋色。但由于受汉语思维的束缚,我们往往觉得人作主语更自然,因此大多数情况下,我们中国学生不假思索地采取汉语的思维去表达,如上述例1、例5和例9,很可能会写作如下的样子:
1b. Great changes have taken place in China in the last two decades.
5b. I failed to fall into sleep that night.
5c. I kept awake all through that night.
9b. When he had to speak, he suddenly lost confidence.
我们既然已经了解了英语的这种独特思维,写托福作文时,我们要有意识地按照英语的思维去表达,这样不仅能写出地道的英语句子,也避免了作文中千篇一律的“人”主宰一切的枯燥和沉闷的氛围。
开头多样化:开头除了使用主语外,还可以用各种各样的结构
1 An expert in forest fire control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.同位语
2 Angry, Mr. Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong arguments.形容词短语
3 Tired and dirty, the boys returned to the camp.形容词短语
4 J**ging every day, I soon increased my energy level.现在分词短语
5 Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.过去分词
6 To succeed in that course, you must attend every class.不定式短语
7 In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.介词短语
8 Because he was tired and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the paper.原因状语句
9 What you impulsively do in haste you may regret( )in leisure.宾语从句提前
运用修辞手法:排比;对偶
1. I came, I saw, I conquered. 我来了,我看了,我征服(凯撒大帝语)
2. He was well-known, well-respected, and well-loved.
3. The proof of gold is fire; the proof of woman, gold; the proof of man, a woman.火可以检验真金,金子可以检验女人,而女人可以检验男人。
4. Government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.这个民有、民主、民享的单位永远也不会从地球上消失
5. With this faith we will be able to work t**ether, to pray t**ether, to struggle t**ether, to go to jail t**ether, to stand up for freedom t**ether, knowing that we will be free one day. (摘自马丁•路德•金的演说I Have a Dream)
6. The power of French literature is in its prose writers; the power of English literature is in its po.法国文学长于散文;英国文学优于诗歌。
7. A long journey tests a horse’s strength; a long acquaintance shows a man’s heart. 路遥知马力,日久见人心。
以上例句中,前五个运用排比修辞,节奏优美,语势强烈,感染力强;后两句运用这些的秘诀可以称为金科玉律(Golden Rules),却一点也不复杂,掌握了上述方法将会让你的托福作文语言大放异彩。
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